Learning Anatomy

The bad news:  Ctrl+Paint isn’t going to be your source for learning anatomy.  I only want to teach subjects that I feel totally comfortable with, and frankly... anatomy isn’t one of them.  The good news:  anatomy is already very well documented!  This post is going to become a ‘living document’ about anatomy instruction.  I’m starting it out with a few of my favorites, and I’ll add additional sources as I learn about them.  Do you have a favorite?  Send me an email or add it to the comments!

Constructive anatomy

Of the two major approaches to figure drawing, this is the technique designed for drawing from your imagination.  In short, you break the body down into geometric forms in order to envision them from any possible camera angle.   Illustrators, comic artists, and concept artists often work in this way because it is versatile and does not require exact reference.  This type of drawing absolutely requires perspective drawing, so make sure you’re comfy with that before you dive into the human form.

Why it’s useful:   It’s versatile.  If you’re working with deadlines, you might not have the ability to find a model or shoot your own reference photos.  It’s also a great building block for stylized drawings and designing creatures, monsters, and dinosaurs.  If you’re able to simplify a human body, the same exact skills help you envision anatomy that doesn’t exist in real life.  Additionally, this skill helps in designing human-like creatures such as robots and some vehicles.

Where it falls short:  Specific details.  It’s easy to fall into a “Barbie and Ken” trap in which you always draw your figures the same way.  In order for this process to work you’ll be simplifying the characters in your mind - creating a visual ‘shorthand’.  When rushing, this often leads to your characters looking repetitive.  It’s important to use photo reference for specific details like interesting haircuts, clothing styles, and faces.

Resources:

Figure Drawing Design and Invention by Michael Hampton - This book is fantastic.  I’ve read a lot of books which help simplify anatomy into geometric pieces, but this is by far my favorite.  Get it in print, not as a .PDF -- you’re going to want this one on your desk at all times.

Andrew Loomis - I’ve mentioned him in previous videos, but he’s worth mentioning again.  This classic commercial illustrator amazing at simplifying the body into a formula.  If you’ve ever read a “How to draw ____ characters” book, it’s a bit like that.... but 1000 times more useful.  Truly a master.

The Vilppu Drawing Manual by Glen Vilppu - He’s a modern master following in the tradition of Andrew Loomis.  I had the pleasure of attending a lesson with Glen and he’s an amazing instructor.  Not to be missed.

Observed Anatomy

The term "classical figure drawing", or observed anatomy, involves using a using a live model or photo as reference.  If you go to art school, this is how you’ll be introduced to anatomy.  Artists have been working in this way for centuries, and it’s a fantastic challenge for any skill level.  This sort of classical painting and drawing are often used for fine art.

Why it’s useful: Learning to see a person in front of you and transfer their likeness onto a page is priceless.  There’s a reason artists have been painting portraits in this manner for most of recorded history.  Even if you don’t use this for your commercial work, it’s a fantastic way to practice and learn about the body.

Where it falls short: It’s not nearly as versatile as constructive anatomy.  If a comic artist needed to pose a live model for each panel of her comic page, she’d never finish the book.  Used for more academic pursuits, drawing from life is generally a slower and less commercial process.  Especially if you are working with larger than life settings like fantasy and Sci-Fi, observed anatomy can be impractical.

Resources:

The Artist’s Complete Guide To Drawing the Head by William Maughan  - This book is the best resource I’ve ever read on portraiture.  He focuses on the shapes of shadows to achieve likeness... and... it works!  Certainly a must read.

Do you have more resources to add?  Let's hear about them in the comments! I'll be updating the post as time goes on.

Learning Outside of College

Art school is great, but it's not for everyone. Even for those that attend, it's only the beginning of their actual education. Most of the skills I use every day in my art are self taught. Whether it was in my spare time, on the job, or learned from friends: much of my technical knowledge was not learned at art school.This video explores the "making of" Ctrl+Paint to see what skills were necessary to create the site, and where I learned them. Ultimately, we're never prepared for huge projects. Even if you can draw a great still life, art college does not prepare anyone for the challenges of real life. Luckily, you never have to stop learning!

The "Monkey House"

Have you ever worked on a painting for so long that you fooled yourself into thinking it was good? You were in "The Monkey House". It's a common affliction f...

Have you ever worked on a painting for so long that you fooled yourself into thinking it was good? You were in "The Monkey House". It's a common affliction for artists, and hopefully this video will allow you to learn from my mistakes. Many of the videos on this site explain technique or concepts -- this video it different: it's a painting story. A story that ends with me wasting the better part of a day. And just think, it all could have gone differently if I remembered to make thumbnail sketches!

Imaginary Landscape Thumbnails

One of the most exciting subjects to paint is landscape - but many artists don't know where to begin. This video shows one approach. Just like in the previou...

One of the most exciting subjects to paint is landscape - but many artists don't know where to begin. This video shows one approach. Just like in the previous video where we did a "Tiny Study", these are small thumbnail sketches. Creating a small drawing like this allows you to quickly explore compositions without investing too deeply in a single image. Most importantly, working small like this is a way to lower your expectations - it's a lot less stressful working on a tiny painting that can't fit any details. And if you like this video, please remember to click the “Like” button at the bottom of the post! The only advertising for Ctrl+Paint is word of mouth, so I’m counting on you guys to spread the word. Thanks!

Assignment: Create Landscape Thumbnails

Things to consider: Use the photo as color and material reference, not for shape.

Recommended videos:The "Tiny Study",

The "Tiny Study"

We've talked about starting small and working bigger - but this time we're going to start tiny. Color is challenging to work with, and much of the instructio...

We've talked about starting small and working bigger - but this time we're going to start tiny. Color is challenging to work with, and much of the instruction on Ctrl+Paint is done in grayscale. If you want to start working directly in color I recommend the 'tiny study' exercise. When you're looking at a photo filled with rich details it's tempting to re-create each pebble and tree. This exercise forces you to simplify what you're seeing, skip the details, and only paint the colors. Even though the end result won't impress your friends, it helps hone your eye for color and builds a foundation for landscape painting.

PaintFlix: Black Rain

As an artist it's worth considering film for more than it's entertainment value. PaintFlix is an ongoing series about beautiful movies found on Netflix streaming. These movies don't always have good stories, and I wouldn't fault you for watching them on mute. Bottom line: at $8 per month, Netflix streaming is a fantastic source of visual inspiration and I'd love to help with movie recommendations.

Black Rain (1989)

This movie is directed by Ridley Scott. Sound familiar? Though his filmography is long, my favorites are "Alien" and "Bladerunner".  So why "Black Rain"?  Because you have probably never heard of it.  At more than 20 years old it's easy to let a mediocre crime story like this slip through the cracks.  That said, Scott's visual stamp is all over this moody mafia noir. Especially if you like rainy city streets and 80s neon, this movie is filled with gorgeous material.  So hover your index finger on over the PrintScreen button, and let's get watching.

What to watch for:

Exposure and use of value.  Since this movie is set primarily in dark spaces, "Black Rain" keeps the characters draped in shadow.  As you can see in the screenshots (right) it's common for a light fixture to dominate the characters themselves, making the scenes moody and vague.  Rim lighting, reflective puddles, and neon glow are used as striking elements of 2D pattern.  Some movies use very high key lighting to show off the actors and expressions - this movie uses low key lighting to add punch to the mood.

Beautiful Locations.  Set primarily in Japan, every set in this movie is jam packed with details.  Night clubs, a metal smelting factory, modernist apartments - each and every  set matters.  Make sure to pause often in order to examine the set dressing, it's great stuff.

And when you're done watching:

Use the inspiration.  Consider some of the techniques from the film studies series, and learn from this movie.  Mood boards, composition sketches, color palettes... put "Black Rain" to good use!  I almost always leave the movie theater feeling inspired to create, but my schedule stops me from sitting down to paint.  If you're able, plan in some extra time directly after watching to sit down and draw or paint.  Have fun!

Gradient Map

If you're exploring various color palettes and moods for a piece, Photoshop has a secret tool to help you speed through the process. It's actually not a secr...

If you're exploring various color palettes and moods for a piece, Photoshop has a secret tool to help you speed through the process. It's actually not a secret, but many illustrators simply don't know about it.  Unlike other color overlay techniques, this command will replace colors based off of their value.  This means that your highlights will be treated differently than your shadows, etc.  To properly use this technique you'll need to know how to create a gradient in Photoshop, though it's not discussed in the video.  Luckily, gradients are a very old feature for Photoshop and Illustrator, so it isn't hard to learn about them on the internet.

Photoshop Workspaces

Photoshop's versatility is a great asset.  One moment you might be penciling a comic page, and the next you're laying in colors.  Do you change your workspace along with the task? This video introduces the 'workspace' feature which keeps your palettes organized. Since each task requires a different set of tools and information onscreen, it's nice to save preset workspaces to reflect each one. Like many user interface features this may seem simple and uninteresting - but once you begin using Photoshop for long sessions you'll understand its importance.

Sketchup for Complex Backgrounds (4 of 3)

This final video in the series was created in response to a number of comments -- obviously I wasn't being clear enough, so hopefully this explains it!

Avoiding Visual Tangents

If you're looking for an easy, surefire way to improve your composition... look for visual tangents. These little, accidental, crossed lines can drag your im...

Some composition guidelines are abstract and vague. Tangents, on the other hand, are very straightforward.  As the video shows, they're a quick way to add visual confusion and flatten the depth out of an image. Once you know what to look for they're easy to avoid - and then you can be tangent-free for good!

And if you like this video, please remember to click the “Like” button at the bottom of the post! The only advertising for Ctrl+Paint is word of mouth, so I’m counting on you guys to spread the word. Thanks!

Form, Not Shape

It's really hard to break the habit of focusing on an object's outline. We've learned to imagine shapes from the time we were small children. But one of th...

We're trained as children to think in terms of 'shape'. This is one of the things you have to overcome when learning to be an artist. Seeing shape is fine for some things, but observed drawing is best done in terms of form instead of shape. Shape is a 2D abstraction, form is seeing in 3d - with depth and volume. To finish out perspective week this video provides an exercise to help you envision form. All you need to do is go find some cool pictures of bugs!

And if you like this video, please remember to click the "Like" button at the bottom of the post!  The only advertising for Ctrl+Paint is word of mouth, so I'm counting on you guys to spread the word.  Thanks!

Assignment: Overlay form lines onto photos of interesting bugs.

Things to consider: Draw through the object, envision the structure.

Horizon Line and Viewpoint

Even if you don't think you're making a 'perspective drawing', you are. To avoid some common mistakes, you first need to know where your horizon line is. Thi...

Even if you don't think you're making a 'perspective drawing', you are. To avoid some common mistakes, you first need to know where your horizon line is. This video explains how to find it, as well as common problems that result from ignoring it. Make sure to download the worksheet at the bottom of the page, and have fun!

And if you like this video, please remember to click the "Like" button at the bottom of the post!  The only advertising for Ctrl+Paint is word of mouth, so I'm counting on you guys to spread the word.  Thanks!

Assignment: Add the horizon line to each sample composition.

Things to consider: High angle, low angle

Worksheet Downloads:Horizon Line and Viewpoint Worksheet, Horizon Line and Viewpoint Worksheet (printer friendly version)

Perspective Sketching

Perspective is incredibly important. It's also a subject that many artists avoid because it seems very stiff and technical. I created Perspective Sketching t...

Perspective is incredibly important. It's also a subject that many artists avoid because it seems very stiff and technical. I created Perspective Sketching to teach the subject in a different way: freehand sketching. In my experience this approach to perspective changes it from deliberate and stuffy into a natural part of drawing. Though Photoshop is featured in the videos, all of the skills apply to traditional media or any other graphics software. These two newest additions to the Ctrl+Paint store will be available Friday August 10th. Though each series can be watched independently, they were designed as a pair.

Designing with Reference

Have you gathered some reference materials? This video demonstrates how you might use it in your illustration. Ctrl+Paint Store: http://ctrlpaint.myshopify.c...

In the last assignment you gathered costume reference for real-world professions. Now it's time to have some fun with that visual research! I've provided you some mannequin drawings to use as the foundation for character designs. Your goal is to make a few designs that would actually fit into a modern context. I don't want to see any space marines -- just real world professions. Think it's easy to draw a police officer? How about a fire fighter? Now is your chance to find out. As an illustrator or concept artist you'll need to draw things like this surprisingly often. Additionally, they help build your visual library for costuming and will improve your ability to generate sci-fi and fantasy characters. Good luck! And if you like this video, please remember to click the “Like” button at the bottom of the post! The only advertising for Ctrl+Paint is word of mouth, so I’m counting on you guys to spread the word. Thanks!

Assignment: Create realistic character designs (from reference)

Things to consider: Use specific details, "dress your model"

Recommended videos:Costume Reference, Costume Sketching

Worksheet Downloads:Basic Male Figures

Costume Reference

I always use reference for my paintings. It's simply a matter of detail: there's too much stuff in this world to know about in detail, so I have to do a little visual research before I draw. Before the internet existed illustrators often kept "Morgue Files" or "Clipping Files" full of magazine photos. When an assignment came their way, they would go to their Morgue file and pull the appropriate images. Google image search and flickr have made the searching quite a bit easier, but the need is still exactly the same. In this video I'll explain how to create and manage a digital reference board - relying heavily on keyboard shortcuts. And if you like this video, please remember to click the "Like" button at the bottom of the post!  The only advertising for Ctrl+Paint is word of mouth, so I'm counting on you guys to spread the word.  Thanks!

Assignment: Create career-specific reference boards (Scuba diver, fire-fighter, etc.)

Things to consider: Well-lit photos, specific details

Straight Lines

In this Photoshop digital painting tutorial we'll tackle a deceptively simple task: straight lines. When learning to draw and paint digitally, this is a fund...

Are you good at drawing straight lines? How about freehand straight lines? This video explores the art of drawing straight lines in Photoshop. There are a few different ways to approach it within the software - each having pros and cons. Ultimately, the best method will always be 'freehand', which takes a lot of practice. In a way, this assignment is just like a musician practicing scales or an athlete running drills. There's no trick to drawing a straight line freehand - it's simply a mechanical motion that you hone with practice. If you can't do it right away, that's normal. Good luck drawing straight lines! And if you like this video, please remember to click the "Like" button at the bottom of the post!  The only advertising for Ctrl+Paint is word of mouth, so I'm counting on you guys to spread the word.  Thanks!

Assignment: Draw Straight Lines. Lots of them.

Things to consider: Draw from the elbow and shoulder, keep your wrist rigid, have patience (this takes a lot of practice)

Shadow Shapes

Objects cast shadows. Simple. But what if you used that shadow intentionally: allowing its shape to enhance your overall composition? Ctrl+Paint Store: http:...

It's easy to think of an object as the subject, but what about the shadow it casts?  Shadows have a huge impact on compositions and should be used intentionally.   In terms of graphic shapes, cast shadows are often just as bold as the objects that cast them, though you might not be considering their potential.  Especially for moody images filled with atmosphere and drama, shadows help your illustration tell a story.  This exercise has you experiment with shadows at their most basic: with a simple still life.  If you can make these shadows look interesting, just think what you could do with a space marine or dragon! And if you like this video, please remember to click the "Like" button at the bottom of the post!  The only advertising for Ctrl+Paint is word of mouth, so I'm counting on you guys to spread the word.  Thanks!

Assignment: Create interesting shadow shape compositions with mundane objects.

Things to consider: Viewing angle, composition motion and emphasis

Worksheet Downloads:Sketchup Still Life (sketchup file - requires free Sketchup software to use)

Google Sketchup: Digital 'Parts Bin'

For additional free videos, custom brushes, worksheets and more more check out www.ctrlpaint.com

Ask any tabletop gamer and they'll be able to pull out a box of little extra pieces for customizing their plastic figures.  Attaching these extra detail bits is a great way to save time.  As a concept artist, you can save time in the same way - though your 'parts bin' is inside of Google Sketchup.  This video shows how to use the Sketchup component system to add quick detail to your designs.

Colored Lineart

Ctrl+Paint Store: http://ctrlpaint.myshopify.com/ Full Free Video Library: http://www.ctrlpaint.com/library/ note: This video was originally created for Ctrl...

The previous video encouraged you to experiment with the colors of a character design. What about the color of the lines themselves? This time I invite you to take the same illustration and to experiment with colored lines. Black lines have their place, but you can add nuance to your images with intentionally colored lines. And if you like this video, please remember to click the "Like" button at the bottom of the post!  The only advertising for Ctrl+Paint is word of mouth, so I'm counting on you guys to spread the word.  Thanks!

Assignment: Experiment with colored linework the provided character designs.

Things to consider: Soft vs. Hard Materials, Lock Transparent Pixels

Recommended videos:Basic Color Schemes, Unify Your Palette, Alternative Masking pt.1 (Lock Transparent Pixels)

Worksheet Downloads:Gorilla character Worksheet

Color Re-Mix

One of the best ways to learn about color and color relationships is to play. In this exercise, I invite you to use my illustration as a coloring book, and s...

One of the best ways to learn about color and color relationships is to play. In this exercise, I invite you to use my illustration as a coloring book, and see what happens when you try different combinations and arrangements. Though the digital painting you end up with is not a portfolio piece, using my provided linework should keep you focused on the task at hand: changing the colors. And if you like this video, please remember to click the "Like" button at the bottom of the post!  The only advertising for Ctrl+Paint is word of mouth, so I'm counting on you guys to spread the word.  Thanks!

Assignment: Experiment with color schemes on the provided character designs.

Things to consider: Complementary and Analogous Schemes, Lock Transparent Pixels

Recommended videos:Basic Color Schemes, Unify Your Palette, Alternative Masking pt.1 (Lock Transparent Pixels)

Worksheet Downloads:Gorilla character Worksheet